{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:23:15Z","timestamp":1783092195530,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection with potential detrimental effects on visual outcome and quality of life, primarily affecting young contact lens wearers. We report\n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes, subtypes and clinical outcome from Danish patients with AK.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty\u2010nine PCR\u2010positive AK cases diagnosed and treated at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, from 2002 to 2022 were included. Corneal samples underwent next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) for\n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n genotyping. These data were compared with clinical data and results from PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n T4<\/jats:styled-content>\n was the most frequent genotype (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200935), with four subtypes identified (\n T4A<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n T4B<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n T4D<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n T4G<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); three cases of the\n T3<\/jats:styled-content>\n genotype were observed. Three samples showed evidence of two distinct\n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n sequences. The median patient age was 35\u2009years, genders were equally represented and the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 26\u2009days. Ninety per cent had identifiable risk factors in addition to contact lens wear. Corticosteroid treatment prior to\n AK<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis, moderate\u2010to\u2010severe pain, male gender, older age, ring infiltration and infiltrate size >3\u2009mm were associated with poor visual outcome. No significant correlation was found between\n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n genotype or subtype and clinical outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n We reveal the genetic diversity of\n Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n involved in AK in Denmark. However, genotype or subtype did not predict clinical outcome. Further research is needed to clarify the role of specific genotypes and subtypes in disease progression and treatment response.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T08:31:38Z","timestamp":1747643498000},"page":"44-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic diversity of\n Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n and clinical outcome predictors in Danish patients with\n Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2602-197X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Skovdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen Rune","family":"Stensvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Vedel","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine Elkj\u00e6r","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Hjortdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Ivarsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology 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