{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T15:11:08Z","timestamp":1771168268091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KLI 854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KLI 854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, primarily driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Still, some patients progress despite significant IOP lowering, potentially due to impaired ocular blood flow. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dronabinol, a synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol derivative, on ocular blood flow in primary open\u2010angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010masked, placebo\u2010controlled, cross\u2010over study included 23 patients with treated POAG (mean age 68\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u2009years). All participants received dronabinol (11 patients received 5\u2009mg and 12 received 10\u2009mg in a randomized fashion) on one study day and placebo on the other study day. The primary outcome was optic nerve head blood flow (ONHBF) measured by laser speckle flowgraphy. Mean blur rate was determined for the large vessel area (MV), the tissue area (MT) and the total ONH area (MA). Secondary outcomes included vessel densities assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography, IOP, and blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Administration of 10\u2009mg dronabinol significantly increased ONHBF (MA: 10.8\u2009\u00b1\u200920.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018, MV: 12.0\u2009\u00b1\u200924.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042, and MT: 11.0\u2009\u00b1\u200922.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022, each vs. placebo) up to 4\u2009h post\u2010administration without affecting IOP or mean arterial pressure (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.548 each). Additionally, a significant increase in vessel density in the superficial vascular plexus was found after administration of 10\u2009mg dronabinol (6.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040 vs. 5\u2009mg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study demonstrates that systemic dronabinol enhances ONHBF in glaucoma patients, suggesting its potential as adjunct therapy for glaucoma by targeting vascular dysfunction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore its long\u2010term impact on disease progression and visual field preservation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ID: NCT04596826.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:51:23Z","timestamp":1754560283000},"page":"225-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single oral administration of dronabinol increases ocular blood flow in patients with glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3768-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Lindner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2043-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoria","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Janku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Hommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"VIROS \u2013 Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery \u2013 Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Hommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Hommer Ophthalmology Institute  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marihan","family":"Abensperg\u2010Traun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liudmyla","family":"Petric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leopold","family":"Schmetterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke\u2010NUS Medical School  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"SERI\u2010NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Garh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5664-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doreen","family":"Schmidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S426709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022155206928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vision5020029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342040-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2020.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01289-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000541461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57583-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32831eef82"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16081149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15401-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01351-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.07.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"722","article-title":"Retinal blood flow autoregulation in response to an acute increase in blood pressure","volume":"27","author":"Robinson F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00552-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-egsguidelines"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11010013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305780"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184772"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.17573","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.17573","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.17573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1771166800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.17573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.17573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.17573","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}