{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1791561298650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment indications, long\u2010term outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with congenital x\u2010linked retinoschisis (\n CXLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) managed conservatively or surgically.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This retrospective, international, multicentre study included data from retina specialists across 14 centres in 9 countries. Demographic information, best corrected visual acuity (\n BCVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), phenotype, optical coherence tomography (\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) findings and disease management were analysed. Surgical indications, techniques and anatomical and visual outcomes were evaluated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 635 eyes of 318 patients were included. Median age at presentation was 9\u2009years (range: 0\u201381). Observation was preferred in 73.5% of eyes, laser photocoagulation (\n LPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in 9.3% and vitreoretinal surgery in 18.1%. Surgical patients presented younger (7 vs. 10\u2009years;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002) and with worse baseline\n BCVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (1.50 vs. 0.50\n LogMAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Disease symmetry was lower in surgical cases (24.4%) than in conservative and\n LPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups (p\u2009<\u20090.0001). Vitreous veils, peripheral pigmentary changes and white spiculations were predictive of surgical need, particularly in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (\n RRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and vitreous haemorrhage (\n VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n predictors of peripheral progression included absence of ganglion cell layer cysts and presence of outer plexiform layer cysts. Single\u2010surgery anatomical success was 68.7%, increasing to 94.7% with additional procedures. Inner\u2010wall retinectomy significantly improved outcomes in macula\u2010threatening retinoschisis (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.026). Visual acuity improved significantly after surgery in\n RRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n CXLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n shows a broad clinical spectrum requiring individualized care. Fundus and\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n features effectively predicted progression and surgical need. Surgical management achieved high success, with inner\u2010wall retinectomy beneficial in certain cases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T03:04:56Z","timestamp":1759547096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long\u2010term results of conservative and surgical treatment of congenital x\u2010linked retinoschisis: A retrospective multicentre international study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"\u015eeng\u00fcl","family":"\u00d6zdek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Gazi University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5585-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00fcseyin Baran","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Gazi University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muna","family":"Bhende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Service Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Bhende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Service Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parveen","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sankara Nethralaya Main Hospital Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanashree","family":"Ratra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases Sankara Nethralaya Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debarati","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sankara Nethralaya Main Hospital Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Elizabeth","family":"Hartnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Byers Eye Institute Stanford University Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Simonett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moran Eye Center University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parag K.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Retina and Ocular Oncology Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5658-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Retina and Ocular Oncology Aravind Eye Hospital & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kindai University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Ferrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitreoretinal Consultants of New York Great Neck New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitreoretinal Consultants of New York Great Neck New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitreoretinal Consultants of New York Great Neck New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Long Island VitreoRetinal Consultants Great Neck New York 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