{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1781042864902,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness (CT) in highly myopic eyes and their correlation with myopic maculopathy progression and visual outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study on 1228 eyes from 781 highly myopic patients with a minimum 5\u2010year follow\u2010up (mean 11.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u2009years). Myopic atrophic maculopathy (MAM) was graded according to ATN classification. Subfoveal CT was measured using spectral\u2010domain OCT with enhanced depth imaging. Staphyloma classification followed Curtin's system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean subfoveal CT at baseline was 54.3\u2009\u00b1\u200932.7\u2009\u03bcm, with decreasing values by MAM category: tessellated fundus (172.5\u2009\u00b1\u200942.6\u2009\u03bcm), diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (63.7\u2009\u00b1\u200927.3\u2009\u03bcm), patchy atrophy (39.2\u2009\u00b1\u200918.3\u2009\u03bcm) and macular atrophy (7.2\u2009\u00b1\u200911.3\u2009\u03bcm, often unmeasurable). Different thinning rates were observed: diffuse atrophy (3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009\u03bcm\/year), patchy atrophy (2.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009\u03bcm\/year), macular atrophy (1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009\u03bcm\/year) and tessellated fundus (1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009\u03bcm\/year). Lowest CT values were observed in eyes with type IX staphyloma (22.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u2009\u03bcm). Axial length\u2009\u2265\u200929\u2009mm was associated with lower CT (32.4\u2009\u00b1\u200918.9 vs. 78.6\u2009\u00b1\u200936.2\u2009\u03bcm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Baseline CT &lt;40\u2009\u03bcm independently predicted macular atrophy development (OR 3.84,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and visual decline (OR 2.76,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Eyes with dome\u2010shaped macula showed thicker CT at dome peak compared with peridome edges (62.3\u2009\u00b1\u200934.2 vs. 48.4\u2009\u00b1\u200922.7\u2009\u03bcm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Eyes developing myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) had lower baseline CT (32.7\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8 vs. 58.6\u2009\u00b1\u200933.1\u2009\u03bcm,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fastest choroidal thinning occurred in eyes with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, while eyes with severely reduced baseline CT had a higher risk for macular atrophy development and visual impairment. Different staphyloma types showed variable CT patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T03:45:23Z","timestamp":1762659923000},"page":"448-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness in high myopia: Correlation with maculopathy progression and visual outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo Mario","family":"Carl\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Catholic University \u201cSacro Cuore\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Foundation Adolphe De Rothschild  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Boselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Catholic University \u201cSacro Cuore\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Giannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Catholic University \u201cSacro Cuore\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9996-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Crincoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Catholic University \u201cSacro Cuore\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1551-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Foundation Adolphe De Rothschild  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese Maria","family":"Perugini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS\u201d  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Catholic University \u201cSacro Cuore\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Gambini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department \u201cFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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