{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T05:14:18Z","timestamp":1785129258189,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between the European Driving Test (EDT)\u2014a new perimetry test designed to comply with the visual field requirements for Group 1 drivers outlined in the European Commission Directive 2009\/113\/EC\u2014and the manner in which these standards are applied across European countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study of patients with visual field loss who underwent fitness\u2010to\u2010drive visual field assessments at the University Hospital Z\u00fcrich between 2023 and 2025. Patients completed monocular static and kinetic perimetry, as well as binocular perimetry with the Esterman test and the EDT, all performed using an Octopus 900 perimeter. We determined pass\/fail outcomes according to Swiss, Swedish, Norwegian and British criteria. We analysed inter\u2010country agreement and diagnostic accuracy of national criteria relative to the EDT using Fleiss' kappa, sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study enrolled 243 patients. Pass rates were 65% (Switzerland), 76% (Sweden), 74% (Norway) and 86% (UK). Inter\u2010country agreement was moderate (Fleiss' \u03ba\u2009=\u20090.56), with lower agreement in central (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.57) than peripheral (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.69) visual fields. Compared to EDT results, national standards demonstrated high specificity (0.87\u20131.00) but variable and low sensitivity (0.39\u20130.76), particularly for the central visual field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The application of common visual field standards for driver licensing varies across European countries, especially concerning central visual field criteria. Our findings support adopting a uniform perimetry algorithm to ensure consistent visual field evaluation in fitness\u2010to\u2010drive assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T11:06:24Z","timestamp":1762945584000},"page":"431-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual field testing and fitness to drive in Europe: A cross\u2010country comparison against a potential reference standard"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Blaser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea Melsen","family":"Sudmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Linkoping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Barthelmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Save Sight Institute The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadiq","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Eye Clinic Wettingen  Wettingen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita G.","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona J.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein Kalsnes","family":"J\u00f8rstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2479-9305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.17512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Eyesight Working Group(2005) Available from:https:\/\/road\u2010safety.transport.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2021\u201007\/new_standards_final_version_en.pdf[Accessed 17th July 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