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We synthesized theories and empirical evidence from neuroeconomics, psychology and neuroscience. Multimodal approaches\u2014including behavioural tasks (e.g. delay discounting, Ultimatum Game), functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), pupillometry and salivary assays\u2014were used to evaluate how interventions influence neurocognitive processes. Neuroeconomic research reveals that myopia\u2010related behaviours involve neural competition between impulsive and regulatory systems, temporal discounting of future rewards and modulation by social norms and neurohormones (e.g. dopamine, oxytocin). Intervention strategies incorporating immediate incentives, social normative feedback, environmental nudges and reduced cognitive effort show potential in promoting outdoor time and behaviour change. Neuroeconomics provides a novel framework for myopia prevention by targeting neural computation mechanisms. Future research should focus on cross\u2010cultural and developmental validation while addressing ethical and implementation challenges to advance precise and equitable public health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T09:34:52Z","timestamp":1770716092000},"page":"595-603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuroeconomics and myopia prevention: A framework for public health intervention"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0800-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan\u2010Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou 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