{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1786467628992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["903516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["903516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["946228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["946228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL129735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL129735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1021105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1021105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R16\u2010A1694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R16\u2010A1694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) characteristics in relation to prenatal and postnatal smoking exposure in three independent birth cohorts: two Danish and one Australian cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A combined meta\u2010analysis of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre thickness in the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 cohort (COPSAC2000), the Copenhagen Child Cohort 2000 (CCC2000), and Generation 2 of the Raine Study, utilizing optical coherence tomography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with participants not exposed to smoking (COPSAC2000\u2009=\u2009209, CCC2000\u2009=\u20091008, Raine Study Gen2\u2009=\u2009991), 35 COPSAC2000 participants exposed to smoking throughout pregnancy had the most prominent deficits in peripapillary RNFL thickness in the inferior (\u221210.4% (\u221216.7; \u22124.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and nasal (\u221210.0% (\u221218.3; \u22121.7%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) sectors, while 221 CCC2000 participants exposed to smoking had the most prominent deficit in the inferonasal sector (\u22128.4% (\u221211.3; \u22125.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and 112 Raine Study Gen2 participants exposed to smoking (more than 10 cigarettes per day)\u00a0had the most prominent deficit in the inferonasal sector (\u22128.9% (\u221213.0; \u22124.8%),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In a combined meta\u2010analysis of the three cohorts, deficits in both the global and sectoral (superior, nasal, inferior and temporal) RNFL were observed from exposure to prenatal smoking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal smoking was associated with deficits in the peripapillary RNFL both globally and sectorally in combined meta\u2010analyses of the three cohorts, which suggest an overall adverse effect of early life smoking exposure on later RNFL status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:09:44Z","timestamp":1772982584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal and childhood exposure to smoking and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness: A meta\u2010analysis of three independent birth cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Linna","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Rigshospitalet  Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger Christine","family":"Munch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha Sze\u2010Yee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute)  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Mackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Australia, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute)  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamo","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"B\u00f8nnelykke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Rigshospitalet  Glostrup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicklas","family":"Brustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev\u2010Gentofte  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672121992960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00126.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61398-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Eurostat. 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