{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:46:23Z","timestamp":1782938783141,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Geographic atrophy (GA) is the chronic loss of retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptors and choriocapillaris, marking the dry late stage of age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD). GA prevalence is expected to rise in the upcoming decades. Advanced GA leads to central scotomas, reducing visual acuity and quality of life, potentially resulting in profound central vision loss. GA shares features with various retinal diseases and can therefore be complicated to distinguish from mimicking diseases. While no cure exists for GA, therapies like pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad aim to slow atrophy growth, making an accurate diagnosis essential for effective treatment. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment recommendations, impacting patient health and financial burden. This paper outlines the similarities and differences among prevalent diseases such as late\u2010onset Stargardt disease, PRPH2\u2010associated disease and maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), resembling GA to aid in accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:30:01Z","timestamp":1782937801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal dystrophies simulating geographic atrophy: A diagnostic challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8324-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Colijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank G.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0302-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carel","family":"Hoyng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24317","article-title":"Sorsby fundus dystrophy: insights from the past and looking to the future","volume":"97","author":"Anand\u2010Apte B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.79.1.28","article-title":"Extensive intrafamilial and interfamilial phenotypic variation among patients with autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy and mutations in the human RDS\/peripherin gene","volume":"79","author":"Apfelstedt\u2010Sylla E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005010078","article-title":"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit disease): an update","volume":"16","author":"Appel G.B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.01.002","article-title":"The spectrum of retinal dystrophies caused by mutations in the peripherin\/RDS gene","volume":"27","author":"Boon C.J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.019","article-title":"Central areolar choroidal dystrophy","volume":"116","author":"Boon C.J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.115659","article-title":"Mutations in the peripherin\/RDS gene are an important cause of multifocal pattern dystrophy simulating STGD1\/fundus flavimaculatus","volume":"91","author":"Boon C.J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"Late\u2010onset retinal macular degeneration: clinical insights into an inherited retinal degeneration","volume":"93","author":"Borooah S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"The British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","article-title":"Multimodal analysis in symptomatic MIDD\u2010associated retinopathy. 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