{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1782975773678,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a vision\u2010threatening choroidal vascular abnormality historically categorized as a subtype of neovascular age\u2010related macular degeneration (nAMD). Accumulating evidence suggests that PCV may instead belong to the pachychoroid spectrum diseases, although its choroidal characteristics remain incompletely characterized and inconsistently reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n PubMed, Embase and Ovid were searched for studies comparing choroidal structural and vascular parameters of PCV with healthy controls (HC), fellow eyes, nAMD or pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Outcomes supported by three or more studies were synthesized using quantitative meta\u2010analysis, whereas outcomes supported by fewer than three studies were summarized using narrative synthesis and exploratory meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty studies were included in the final analysis. Meta\u2010analysis revealed that subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was significantly greater in PCV eyes than in HC, nAMD, and fellow eyes, but lower than central serous chorioretinopathy and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) eyes (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). PCV eyes also had lower choroidal vascularity index within the standard subfoveal width of 1.5\u2009mm and higher choroidal vascular density (CVD) within the\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910\u2009mm FOV than HC eyes (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Narrative synthesis and exploratory meta\u2010analysis suggested that PCV eyes may have greater total choroidal thickness than HC and nAMD eyes, as well as a higher ratio of Haller layer thickness to SFCT and larger choroidal luminal area than nAMD eyes at specific locations or areas. Besides, thick\u2010choroid PCV demonstrated higher CVD in 200\u00b0 ultra\u2010wide ICGA images than nAMD, while the thin\u2010choroid subtype exhibited lower CVD than PNV.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n PCV is characterized by a thicker and more vascular choroid than nAMD and HC, but a thinner and less vascular choroid than CSC and PNV. These findings, supported by both primary and exploratory meta\u2010analyses, provide insights into PCV pathogenesis and its distinction from nAMD and other pachychoroid spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:33:01Z","timestamp":1782970381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinguish polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy through choroidal alterations: A systematic review, meta\u2010analysis and narrative synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Intelligent Diagnosis & Drug\/Device Development and Translation Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21090","article-title":"Choroidal vascularity index as a measure of vascular status of the choroid: measurements in healthy eyes from a population\u2010based 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