{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:08:26Z","timestamp":1785420506068,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate inter\u2010eye asymmetry in macular microvascular parameters across different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using OCT angiography, and to explore the associations with clinical factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This cross sectional study included 442 eyes of 221 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Central subfield thickness (CST), area and perimeter of foveal avascular zone (FAZA and FAZP), perfusion density (PD), vessel density (VD), fractal dimension (FD) in superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) were evaluated. Asymmetry indexes (AI) of these parameters were calculated and compared among DR severity groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean age was 69.09\u2009\u00b1\u200912.33\u2009years, with 124 males (56.1%). Across DR stages (No DR,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009168; mild NPDR,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200946; moderate NPDR,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009172; severe NPDR,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200922; PDR,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200934), interocular comparisons showed that the mean PD, VD and FD were similar between right and left eyes within each stage (all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). In eyes with PDR, FAZA and FAZP in SCP and FAZA in DCP were significantly larger in left eyes compared to right eyes, (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.011,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). In multivariate analysis, increased severity of DR was associated with higher FAZA AI in both SCP and DCP (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05); male sex (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.008) and presence of DME (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.006) were associated with higher FAZA AI in the SCP.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Inter\u2010eye asymmetry in retinal microvascular parameters was associated with male sex, increasing severity of DR and presence of DME.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:15:33Z","timestamp":1785417333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inter\u2010eye microvascular asymmetry across stages of diabetic retinopathy: An\n OCT<\/scp>\n angiography study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6773-9967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stela","family":"Vujosevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4851-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema Tamer","family":"Kaderli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mugla Sitki Kocman University Mugla Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tagliabue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Alovisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Ophthalmic Hospital Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanda","family":"Bucceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Torti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Custom Computing and Programmable Systems, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Marenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Custom Computing and Programmable Systems, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Pavia Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dogukan","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Luzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases IRCCS MultiMedica Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/15443167221095168","article-title":"A comparative study of the right and left carotid arteries in relation to age for patients with diabetes and hypertension","volume":"46","author":"Al\u2010Sabbagh A.A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal for Vascular Ultrasound"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpab172","article-title":"Application of optical coherence tomography angiography macular analysis for systemic hypertension. 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