{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:12:14Z","timestamp":1785942734491,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006309","name":"Riisfort Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infectious keratitis (IK) is a vision\u2010threatening condition with diverse microbial aetiologies, yet conventional culture\u2010based diagnostics often have limited sensitivity. We investigated whether 16S\/18S rRNA amplicon\u2010based next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) can enhance aetiological assessment when used alongside standard microbiological methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective paired\u2010sample study, 57 patients with IK underwent corneal sampling with conventional culture, PCR (HSV\/VZV and\n                      <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and 16S\/18S metabarcoding. Microbiological findings were interpreted in a structured workflow incorporating clinical correlation and comparison with samples from the contralateral healthy eye.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excluding entirely viral cases, NGS did not significantly increase the overall diagnostic outcome compared with culture and PCR alone (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200953, 42% vs. 51%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27) but improved the combined diagnostic yield (n\u2009=\u200953) to 58%. NGS identified clinically relevant pathogens in 39% of cases, including four cases not detected by culture, whereas culture identified nine cases missed by NGS. Concordance between methods was observed in 55% of positive cases. NGS on samples from the contralateral eye aided interpretation of NGS data in over 25% of cases by distinguishing commensal background from likely pathogens. Although microbiological findings led to treatment modification in 16% of cases, these were all in cases diagnosed by conventional methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on our findings, 16S\/18S metabarcoding may be useful as a targeted supplementary test in atypical, refractory or culture\u2010negative IK cases where conventional sampling is compromised. Findings should be interpreted alongside conventional microbiology, clinical findings and preferably contralateral\u2010eye sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:34:22Z","timestamp":1785940462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>16S<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>18S<\/scp>\n                    metabarcoding versus culture for aetiological assessment in infectious keratitis: A prospective paired\u2010sample study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Skovdal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Ivarsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus 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