{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:00:25Z","timestamp":1791288025320,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013511","name":"Silm\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010119","name":"Stiftelsen Dorothea Olivia, Karl Walter och Jarl Walter Perkl\u00e9ns Minne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify factors associated with best\u2010corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular pain in neovascular glaucoma (NVG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The retrospective cohort included all patients diagnosed with NVG during 2008\u20132024 at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Linear mixed\u2010effects models used pre\u2010specified covariates, whereas exploratory machine\u2010learning models used all longitudinal data, including biomicroscopic findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort comprised 626 patients (median follow\u2010up 24\u2009months). Follow\u2010up BCVA was worse in eyes with worse baseline BCVA. A closed anterior chamber angle was associated with 0.13 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution worse BCVA (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.02\u20130.23). Age, sex and comorbidity were largely not associated with the outcomes. Glaucoma drainage devices showed the greatest initial IOP reduction (\u221210.2\u2009mmHg, 95% CI, \u221211.9 to \u22128.6), followed by transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC, \u22124.7\u2009mmHg, 95% CI, \u22125.8 to \u22123.7) and peripheral retinal cryotherapy (\u22122.2\u2009mmHg, 95% CI, \u22123.1 to \u22121.4). TSCPC and cryotherapy were also associated with less pain (odds ratios 0.51 and 0.46, 95% CI, 0.36\u20130.74 and 0.34\u20130.63). Panretinal photocoagulation and anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor injections showed smaller IOP reductions, with pain reduction for panretinal photocoagulation only. Machine learning added no findings beyond the mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatments were associated with lower IOP and less pain but not with better BCVA, which baseline severity largely explained. Cryotherapy, seldom reported in NVG, showed comparable associations. IOP control and pain relief may therefore remain realistic goals when visual prognosis is poor. Confounding by indication remains possible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:43:59Z","timestamp":1791287039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of visual acuity, intraocular pressure and pain in neovascular glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3457-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert","family":"Simons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"von Fersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vartiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Heart and Lung Centre Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0028-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Summanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0103-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Harju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02234-4","article-title":"First and second transscleral cyclophotocoagulation treatments provide similar intraocular pressure\u2010lowering efficacy in patients with refractory glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Bernardi E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219500500106","article-title":"Contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with diode laser in refractory glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Brancato R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","author":"Chen T.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378","article-title":"TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods","volume":"385","author":"Collins G.S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03278.x","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection for neovascular glaucoma: a survey on 23 cases throughout 12\u2010month follow\u2010up","volume":"66","author":"Costagliola C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2018.08.007","article-title":"Transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation: a comparison of slow coagulation and standard coagulation techniques","volume":"1","author":"Duerr E.R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology Glaucoma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.005","article-title":"An evidence\u2010based review of prognostic factors for glaucomatous visual field progression","volume":"120","author":"Ernest P.J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. (2009)Lucentis (ranibizumab): summary of product characteristics. Available from:https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product\u2010information\/lucentis\u2010epar\u2010product\u2010information_en.pdf[Accessed 28th April 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. (2012)Eylea (aflibercept): summary of product characteristics. Available from:https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product\u2010information\/eylea\u2010epar\u2010product\u2010information_en.pdf[Accessed 28th April 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. (2022)Vabysmo (faricimab): summary of product characteristics. Available from:https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product\u2010information\/vabysmo\u2010epar\u2010product\u2010information_en.pdf[Accessed 28th April 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-04099-0","article-title":"Neovascular glaucoma incidence and visual outcomes in treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy with anterior segment neovascularisation","volume":"40","author":"Fiddimore E.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"A neural network model for predicting the effectiveness of treatment in patients with neovascular glaucoma associated with diabetes mellitus","volume":"68","author":"Guzun O.V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis","author":"Harrell F.E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135766","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcomes and prognostic factors of trabeculectomy following intraocular bevacizumab injection for neovascular glaucoma","volume":"10","author":"Higashide T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19970701-16","article-title":"Proper method for calculating average visual acuity","volume":"13","author":"Holladay J.T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Refractive Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-025-03128-4","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of Baerveldt glaucoma implant versus Ahmed glaucoma valve in neovascular glaucoma: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"42","author":"Iwasaki K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advances in Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/9930837","article-title":"Predicting intraocular pressure from glaucoma patients receiving medication treatment using explainable machine learning","volume":"2026","author":"James R.T.","year":"2026","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02675-5","article-title":"Two\u2010year outcomes of patients presenting to Sydney Eye Hospital with neovascular glaucoma","volume":"43","author":"Kingston E.J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"655","article-title":"Peripheren Netzhaut\u2010kryokoagulation Langzeitergebnisse [Peripheral retinal cryocoagulation. Long\u2010term outcome]","volume":"94","author":"Knapp C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Der Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0926-0","article-title":"Resolving the clinical acuity categories \u2018hand motion\u2019 and \u2018counting fingers\u2019 using the Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT)","volume":"247","author":"Lange C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0190-8","article-title":"Neovascular glaucoma: a retrospective review from a tertiary center in China","volume":"16","author":"Liao N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"4768","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st international conference on neural information processing systems","author":"Lundberg S.M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-021-02212-x","article-title":"The influence of etiology on surgical outcomes in neovascular glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Medert C.M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1205895","article-title":"Prognostic factor analysis of intraocular pressure with neovascular glaucoma","volume":"2016","author":"Nakano S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249898","article-title":"Surgical outcomes after primary Baerveldt glaucoma implant surgery with vitrectomy for neovascular glaucoma","volume":"16","author":"Nishitsuka K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030510","article-title":"Explainable machine learning model for glaucoma diagnosis and its interpretation","volume":"11","author":"Oh S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2025-egsguidelines","article-title":"European glaucoma society\u2014terminology and guidelines for glaucoma, 6th edition","volume":"109","author":"Pazos M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00746.x","article-title":"Transscleral red\u2010laser cyclophotocoagulation combined with limited anterior retinal cryocoagulation in neovascular glaucoma","volume":"85","author":"Raivio V.E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","article-title":"Anti\u2010vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular glaucoma","volume":"4","author":"Rittiphairoj T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-016-0051-x","article-title":"Neovascular glaucoma: a review","volume":"2","author":"Rodrigues G.B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01206252","article-title":"Role of anterior retinal cryoablation in the management of neovascular glaucoma","volume":"84","author":"Sandramouli S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Documenta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2107_21","article-title":"Outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in neovascular glaucoma","volume":"70","author":"Shalaby W.S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.70236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","unstructured":"Statistics Finland. (2026)Statistics Finland's free\u2010of\u2010charge statistical databases. Available from:https:\/\/pxdata.stat.fi\/PxWeb\/pxweb\/en\/StatFin\/[accessed 29th May 2026]"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.26879.1","article-title":"Combined vitrectomy, near\u2010confluent panretinal endolaser, bevacizumab and cyclophotocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma\u2014a retrospective interventional case series","volume":"9","author":"Strzalkowski P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.030","article-title":"Systematic review of the agreement of Tonometers with Goldmann applanation tonometry","volume":"119","author":"Surveillance of Ocular Hypertension Study Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.11.015","article-title":"Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C for neovascular glaucoma: prognostic factors for surgical failure","volume":"147","author":"Takihara Y.","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"Elm E.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Acta Ophthalmologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.70248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/aos.70248","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/aos.70248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:44:06Z","timestamp":1791287046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/aos.70248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/aos.70248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.70248","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-375X","1755-3768"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-375X","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-3768","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"aos.70248"}}