{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1791274446957,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing numbers of young children are now being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>). This study aimed to analyse developmental trajectories in a representative group of preschool children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a naturalistic study, 208 preschool children with different subtypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> were followed over a 2\u2010year period. Their trajectories, as regards persistence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses, developmental\/intellectual levels, adaptive functioning and expressive speech, were monitored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Developmental profiles showed considerable change over time, especially in children with atypical autism and in those with developmental delay\/borderline intellectual functioning at their first assessment. Approximately 50% of the children were found to have intellectual disability (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>) at follow\u2010up and, of these, the majority had severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>. This was in contrast to the first assessment by the referral team when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content> had rarely been mentioned or discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in developmental profiles during preschool years are common in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>. This implies that reassessments, covering different developmental areas, are needed. Such follow\u2010up assessments prior to the start of school will yield a more valid estimation of the child's general cognitive level and a more accurate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis and thus form a better basis for realistic educational planning and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]],"date-time":"2013-11-18T09:29:39Z","timestamp":1384766979000},"page":"174-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Autism and developmental profiles in preschoolers: stability and change over time"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Hedvall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joakim","family":"Westerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Fernell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Research and Development Center Skaraborg\u2032s Hospital Sk\u00f6vde Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Billstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"The autisms","author":"Coleman M","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1031-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.6.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1155-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00834.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-5068-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0282-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005571115268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1357-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361310374156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(83)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.5.805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0678-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1980.tb01797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Griffiths developmental scales I and II","author":"Alin\u2010\u00c5kerman B","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence, WPPSI\u2010III. 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