{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:18:33Z","timestamp":1762917513186},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The care of children with resistant nephrotic syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>) in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>emocratic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>epublic of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ongo is compromised by resource deficiencies that range from inadequate healthcare budgets, to scarce laboratory facilities and inconsistent drug supplies. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical profile and management of children with nephrotic syndrome in Kinshasa, the country's capital and its largest city.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 62 patients with a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content>, who were seen in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>aediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ephrology <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>nit at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>inshasa between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 1983 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 62 children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, 33 were boys and 29 were girls, giving a male to female ratio of 1.14:1. Their median age at initial presentation was 7.5\u00a0years (range: 1.5\u201313\u00a0years) with a peak incidence at six to nine years of age (38.7%). No cases of <jats:italic>plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> were isolated in our series. Sixteen (25.8%) of the children had resistant corticoid nephrotic syndrome and six of the children (9.7%) died.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age, the prevalence of steroid\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NS<\/jats:styled-content> and the mortality rate in our series were higher than those reported in Asian and Western countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,28]],"date-time":"2014-03-28T16:29:52Z","timestamp":1396024192000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The challenges of caring for children with nephrotic syndrome in a tertiary institution in the <scp>D<\/scp>emocratic <scp>R<\/scp>epublic of <scp>C<\/scp>ongo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Michel Ntetani","family":"Aloni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Haemato\u2010oncology and Nephrology Department of Paediatrics University Hospital of Kinshasa School of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9tycia Miz\u00e8le","family":"Sysleyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Simon Kimbangu Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9p\u00e9 Mfutu","family":"Ekulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Haemato\u2010oncology and Nephrology Department of Paediatrics University Hospital of Kinshasa School of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis Lukebadio","family":"Babio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universit\u00e9 Simon Kimbangu Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 Makuala","family":"Ngiyulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Haemato\u2010oncology and Nephrology Department of Paediatrics University Hospital of Kinshasa School of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Lambert","family":"Gini\u2010Ehungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Haemato\u2010oncology and Nephrology Department of Paediatrics University Hospital of Kinshasa School of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76341-3_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Pediatric nephrology in developing countries","volume":"69","author":"Cochat P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of childhood nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria","volume":"75","author":"Abdurrahman MB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in Namibian children","volume":"89","author":"Buuren AJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2005.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in Za\u00efre: morphologie and aetiological aspect","volume":"35","author":"Pakasa M","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"702","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in children: report of 57 cases","volume":"81","author":"Ghedira\u2010Besbes L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"The nephrotic syndrome in Ghana: clinical and pathological aspects","volume":"50","author":"Adu D","year":"1981","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome in Enugu, Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"Okoro BA","year":"2000","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njp.v28i3.12060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1851-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmm017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Rijeka","author":"Biljon G","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(10)70028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20120033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307307864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"1977","article-title":"Childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids","volume":"98","author":"Anochie I","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/18.3.454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5348.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0332-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc052696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2011.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00858435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"778","article-title":"Pattern of glomerular diseases in Sudanese children: a clinico\u2010pathological study","volume":"21","author":"Abdelraheem MB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapa.12647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.12647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:07:43Z","timestamp":1695474463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.12647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.12647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.12647","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0803-5253"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1651-2227"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}