{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:53:28Z","timestamp":1791806008714,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Crown princess Lovisas association for Childcare\/Axel Tielmans Memorial Fund"},{"name":"Freemason Child House Foundation in Stockholm"},{"name":"Konsul Th. C. Berghs Foundation"},{"name":"Sigurd and Elsa Goljes Memorial Fund"},{"name":"Stockholm County Council (ALF"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Centre for Allergy Research at Karolinska Institutet"},{"name":"The Samaritan Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"The Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study evaluated risk factors for acute wheeze in preschool children and investigated whether subnormal levels of vitamin D were associated with increased risk for acute wheeze, atopy or viral\/bacterial respiratory infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 130 children with acute wheeze, aged 6\u00a0months to 4\u00a0years, from paediatric emergency departments in Stockholm, Sweden, and 101 age\u2010matched controls with no history of wheeze or sensitisation to airborne allergens. Parents answered standardised questionnaires, and blood samples were analysed for specific IgE to airborne and food allergens and levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>)D). Nasopharyngeal virus samples were collected during the emergency department visit in the group of children with wheeze, and a subset were also tested for bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D\u00a0&lt;\u00a075\u00a0nmol\/L (30\u00a0ng\/mL)) was associated with an odds ratio of 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1\u20136.2) for acute wheeze. However, no association was found between vitamin D insufficiency and atopy, presence of virus or bacteria or recurrent infections. Children older than 24\u00a0months were particularly at risk of subnormal vitamin D levels, irrespective of wheezing history<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support the hypothesis that subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,26]],"date-time":"2014-04-26T06:07:22Z","timestamp":1398492442000},"page":"856-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Subnormal levels of vitamin D are associated with acute wheeze in young children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Katarina","family":"Stenberg Hammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Hedlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon R.","family":"Konradsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Nordlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Kull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian G.","family":"Giske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, MTC Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Pedroletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Childrens's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cilla","family":"S\u00f6derh\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and 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