{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:12:24Z","timestamp":1764936744894},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The commonest mode of catheter colonisation is via the extraluminal route with skin bacteria. Catheter\u2010related sepsis causes significant mortality and morbidity in neonates. Our aim was to study the relationships between culture\u2010positive catheter exit site skin swabs, percutaneous central venous catheter segments and blood to determine the magnitude of associations between exit site skin colonisation, catheter colonisation and catheter\u2010related sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective study, an exit site skin swab and three formerly <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> catheter segments (proximal, middle and tip) were taken for culture at catheter removal. In those neonates who were clinically unwell at catheter removal, a peripheral blood culture was also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to study associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin swabs were culture positive in 39 (21%) of 187 catheter removals. With a culture\u2010positive skin swab, the risk of associated catheter colonisation was nearly eight times higher (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 7.84, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.59\u201317.15) and the risk of definite catheter\u2010related sepsis with the same organism was nearly 10 times higher (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 9.86, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.13\u201331.00).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Culture\u2010positive skin swabs from the catheter exit site were strongly associated with catheter colonisation and with definite catheter\u2010related sepsis with the same organism. These data provide further evidence supporting catheter colonisation via the extraluminal route and highlight the importance of optimising skin disinfection before catheter insertion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]],"date-time":"2014-08-27T12:44:10Z","timestamp":1409143450000},"page":"1233-1238","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Skin colonisation at the catheter exit site is strongly associated with catheter colonisation and catheter\u2010related sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Vennila","family":"Ponnusamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aris","family":"Perperoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Essex Colchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidheya","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Curley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Unit Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Tremlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norwich 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