{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T01:12:59Z","timestamp":1769303579838,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rwanda has invested heavily in improving maternal and child health, but knowledge is limited regarding social equity in perinatal survival. We analysed whether perinatal mortality risks differed between social groups in hospitals in the country's capital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study was carried out on singleton births aged at least 22\u00a0weeks of gestation and born in district or tertiary referral hospitals in Kigali from July 2013 to May 2014. Perinatal deaths were recorded as they occurred, with the next two surviving neonates born in the same hospital selected as controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine social determinants of perinatal death after adjustments for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 234 perinatal deaths and 468 controls. Rural residence was linked to an increased risk of perinatal death (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a03.31, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.43\u20137.61), but maternal education or household asset score levels were not. Having no health insurance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a02.11, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.91\u20134.89) was associated with an increased risk of perinatal death, compared to having community health insurance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Living in a rural area and having no health insurance were associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality rates in the Rwandan capital, but maternal education and household assets were not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T07:18:53Z","timestamp":1422775133000},"page":"1233-1240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Social equity in perinatal survival: a case\u2013control study at hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Aimable","family":"Musafili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Child Health Department University of Rwanda Huye Campus Rwanda"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"Ess\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyprien","family":"Baribwira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Pediatric HIV\u2010AIDS PMTCT\u2010Rwanda Program of the Institute of Human Virology School of Medicine University of Maryland Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina Ekholm","family":"Selling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars\u2010\u00c5ke","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62310-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61337-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"WHO.Neonatal and perinatal mortality: country regional and global estimates.2006. Available at:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2006\/9241563206_eng.pdf(accessed February 13 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"UN Inter\u2010agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.Levels and trends in child mortality report 2013. 2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/documents\/levels_trends_child_mortality_2013.pdf?ua=1(accessed January 22 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"WHO.Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. 2008. Available at: <http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2008\/9789241563703_eng.pdf?ua=1> (accessed April 20 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Ministry of Health and ICF International.Rwanda demographic and health survey 2005. 2006. Available at:http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.rw\/publications\/rwanda-demographic-and-health-survey-report-dhs-2005(accessed February 25 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Ministry of Health and ICF International.Rwanda demographic and health survey 2010. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/statistics.gov.rw\/publications\/demographic-and-health-survey-2010-final-report(accessed February 19 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health.Health sector strategic plan July 2009\u2013June 2012. 2009. Available at:https:\/\/www.google.rw\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDkQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipar-rwanda.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gid%3D91%26Itemid%3D151&ei=eCnxUs2uBoeBywODqoDQAw&usg=AFQjCNGwEGjO83oXwYD22k9wyaPwPg90cg(accessed February 5 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health.National reproductive health policy. 2003. Available at: <http:\/\/www.africanchildforum.org\/clr\/policy%20per%20country\/rwanda\/rwanda_reproductivehealth_2003_en.pdf> (accessed April 18 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health.Rwanda national health insurance policy. 2010. Available at:http:\/\/www.moh.gov.rw\/fileadmin\/templates\/Docs\/insurance_policy1.pdf(accessed April 17 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"AbbottP RwirahiraJ.Millennium development goals: progress report on Rwanda. 2010. Available at:http:\/\/www.abdn.ac.uk\/sustainable-international-development\/documents\/UNDP%20final%20PA%2030%20October%202010_1.pdf(accessed February 2 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Local Government.National social protection strategy. 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/gimi\/gess\/ShowRessource.action?ressource.ressourceId=23208(accessed February 12 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.The state of the world's children 2009: maternal and newborn health.2009. Available at:http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/sowc09\/docs\/SOWC09-FullReport-EN.pdf(accessed April 20 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"WHO.Safe motherhood needs assessment.2001. Available at: <http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2001\/WHO_RHT_MSM_96.18_Rev.1_Pt.1.pdf?ua=1> (accessed February 24 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"GwatkinDR RusteinS JohnsonK PandeRP WagstaffA.Socioeconomic differences in health nutrition and population in Bangladesh.2000. Available at:http:\/\/siteresources.worldbank.org\/INTPAH\/Resources\/Publications\/Country-Reports\/bangladesh.pdf(accessed February 26 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Medical statistics at a glance","author":"Petrie A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.038588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-7-194"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9376-4"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapa.12951","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.12951","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.12951","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.12951","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1695552094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.12951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.12951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.12951","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-03-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}