{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1724872333161},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Red reflex eye examinations often require opening the eyelids, risking infection. We evaluated links between this procedure and neonatal conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We divided 18 872 neonates of more than 35 weeks of gestation into two birth periods, 2008\u20132009 and 2010\u20132011, before and after red reflex examinations were carried out by our facility. The rates of clinical conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial growth percentage were compared between the two periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2010\u20132011 period included more Caesarean deliveries and longer lengths of stay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>) than the 2008\u20132009 period. The clinical conjunctivitis rate increased significantly during 2010\u20132011 (p = 0.029), but the bacterial conjunctivitis and bacterial growth percentages did not differ between the two periods. Variables that were independently and significantly associated with clinical conjunctivitis included being born in 2010\u20132011, with an odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) of 1.22, male gender (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.31) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.19). Bacterial conjunctivitis was associated with vaginal delivery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3.65), males delivered by Caesarean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.68) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.37).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical conjunctivitis was significantly associated with the later study period, male gender and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LOS<\/jats:styled-content>. Conjunctival swab sampling increased significantly following the implementation of red reflex examinations, but without changes in the bacterial conjunctivitis rate and the bacterial growth percentage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,12]],"date-time":"2015-09-12T09:46:47Z","timestamp":1442051207000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Performing red reflex eye examinations increases the rate of neonatal conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Irena","family":"Ulanovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Rambam Medical Center Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital Rambam Health Care Campus Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 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