{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T09:31:54Z","timestamp":1763544714910},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Shiga toxins are delivered via systemic circulation and are considered to be the cause of diarrhoea\u2010associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content>), as they injure endothelial cells, particularly in the glomeruli. This study measured Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) in the serum of children affected in by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content> due to Stx2 producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentration of free Stx2 was measured in the serum of 16 children, collected immediately after admission to the clinic in the acute phase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content>, using a sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The family members of two children were also investigated, with the relative toxicity of Stx2 assessed by a Vero cell\u2010based fluorescent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stx2 was found in the serum of eight of the 16 children who were investigated. It was also detected in four of the six family members not showing symptomatic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content>, with an extremely high level in two.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An absent or rather low concentration of Stx2 was found in the serum of children admitted to the clinic with diarrhoea\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content>. The high concentration of Stx2 in family members without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HUS<\/jats:styled-content>, but mostly with watery diarrhoea and raised functional activity, was in line with the concept of early injury by Stx2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T08:54:05Z","timestamp":1441961645000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Serum Shiga toxin 2 values in patients during acute phase of diarrhoea\u2010associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture ARS WRRC Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Unit Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture ARS WRRC Produce Safety and Microbiology Unit Albany NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maroeska Te","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology Department of Pediatrics University Medical Center Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Scavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EU Reference Laboratory for <i>E. coli<\/i> Instituto Superiore di Sanita Rome 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