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This study aimed to determine the occurrence and significance of discrepancies in plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> levels in hospitalised children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a single centre, retrospective analysis of simultaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> measurements. Clinical characteristics, microbiological findings and diagnoses were compared between cases in which only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> levels were elevated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 635 pairs of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> measurements and found discrepancies in 29% of these. In the group with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>, there were more children with hypoxia or haemodynamic stress (14 versus 0, p &lt; 0.001) and more bacteraemic patients (eight versus zero, p = 0.001) than in the group with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>. The latter group was associated with focal bacterial infections (three versus 18, p = 0.009), inflammatory conditions (one versus 12, p = 0.016) and postoperative setting (one versus 19, p = 0.001). Diabetic ketoacidosis was associated with a marked elevation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Discrepancies in plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> levels occurred in 29% of acutely ill children. Both biomarkers can increase in the absence of bacterial infection, but <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCT<\/jats:styled-content> may offer an advantage over <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> in the diagnosis of bacteraemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T04:05:03Z","timestamp":1449633903000},"page":"508-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Discrepancies between plasma procalcitonin and C\u2010reactive protein levels are common in acute illness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Ivaska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku 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