{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:26:02Z","timestamp":1777533962215,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004092","name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal alcohol abuse is poorly recognised and causes developmental problems. This study explored the foetal central nervous systems (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>), head circumference and psychomotor development of children exposed to drugs or alcohol during pregnancy up to 2.5\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 23 pregnant women referred to Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, by their family doctor because of drug or alcohol abuse, and 22 control mothers. Foetal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> parameters were measured by three\u2010dimensional ultrasonography at the mean gestational age of 20\u00a0weeks and the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMDS<\/jats:styled-content>), and anthropometric measurements were carried out at the mean ages of one and 2.5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposed foetuses had decreased biparietal and occipito\u2010frontal distances and head circumferences, but unchanged cerebellar volume at 20\u00a0weeks, and decreased head circumferences and length and height at birth, one and 2.5\u00a0years of age. They scored lower than the controls on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMDS<\/jats:styled-content> general quotient and the hearing, language and locomotor subscales at 2.5\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal alcohol or drug exposure was associated with decreased head size from mid\u2010pregnancy to childhood and reduced development at 2.5\u00a0years. Foetal head circumference at mid\u2010pregnancy was a useful indicator of substance abuse affecting the\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T19:17:23Z","timestamp":1459624643000},"page":"817-822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Maternal drug or alcohol abuse is associated with decreased head size from\u00a0mid\u2010pregnancy to childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Anni","family":"Lehikoinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maija\u2010Riitta","family":"Ord\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimo","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00265-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of health and human services.Substance abuse and mental health services administration: Results from the 2011 national survey on drug use and health: Summary of national findings.2012; 2012: 174. 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