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This study determined whether active commuting \u2013 walking or cycling \u2013 to school, as a way of increasing total physical activity levels, was associated with academic achievements in students aged seven to 18\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2138 students participated in the study, which took place in the 2012\/2013 academic year in three Spanish cities. We used a self\u2010reported questionnaire to assess how the students travelled to and from school and their final school grades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 489 primary schoolchildren and 1649 secondary schoolchildren, with similar numbers of boys and girls. The primary schoolchildren who travelled to school by motorbike, car or bus had better grades for all the selected school subjects (p\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.009) than those who walked or cycled. No significant associations were found for secondary schoolchildren, except for mathematics and their grade point averages. All models were adjusted for sex, age and school.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Active commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary school students but not those at secondary school. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to further understand our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T18:11:33Z","timestamp":1479924693000},"page":"334-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Active commuting to school was inversely associated with academic achievement in primary but not secondary school students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jose","family":"Mora\u2010Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cadenas\u2010Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Herrador\u2010Colmenero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Esteban\u2010Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Huertas\u2010Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education Sciences La Inmaculada University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Ardoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROFITH \u2018PROmotingFITness and Health through physical activity\u2019 Research Group Department of Physical Education and Sport Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Department of Educational Quality, Innovation and Attention to Diversity. 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