{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T08:12:35Z","timestamp":1696061555123},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on childhood development trajectories in a rural South African community between 2003 and 2008.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed 121 children at 7\u201312 months (year one) and 5\u20136 years (year five) using the Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales \u2013 Extended Revised, which measures sensorimotor, cognitive and social development, with lower scores indicating developmental delay. We also interviewed their mothers or caregivers. Three groups were identified: 29 with foetal alcohol syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>) or partial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pFAS<\/jats:styled-content>), 57 more who had been exposed to alcohol and 35 controls who had not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The scale's total score was higher in the controls than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pFAS<\/jats:styled-content> group at year one and year five and in the alcohol\u2010exposed group at year five. Many groups\u2019 trajectories declined when compared with global norms, but the trajectories in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pFAS<\/jats:styled-content> and the alcohol\u2010exposed groups declined more than the controls for eye\u2010hand and performance and total score. Earlier pregnancy recognition in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pFAS<\/jats:styled-content> group correlated strongly (r = \u22120.77) with higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GQ<\/jats:styled-content> in year five.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAS<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pFAS<\/jats:styled-content> and prenatal alcohol exposure affected the Griffiths scores more than the control group. Efforts are needed to detect pregnancy early and reduce alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]],"date-time":"2017-07-07T12:33:34Z","timestamp":1499430814000},"page":"1802-1810","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alcohol exposure during pregnancy altered childhood developmental trajectories in a rural South African community"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Leigh\u2010Anne","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Human and Community Development University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Cockcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Human and Community Development University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Olinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Systems &amp; Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Chersich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics University of Stellenbosch Western Cape South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice M.","family":"Chetty Makkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aurum Institute Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver H.","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology School of Human and Community Development University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leana","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics University of Stellenbosch Western Cape South Africa"},{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research (FARR) Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics University of Stellenbosch Western Cape South Africa"},{"name":"Foundation for Alcohol Related Research (FARR) Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome among grade 1 schoolchildren in Northern Cape Province: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"98","author":"Urban M","year":"2008","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.v2i3.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1779-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0130-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60112-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CarterRC JacobsonJL MoltenoCD DodgeNC MeintjiesEM JacobsonSW.Fetal alcohol growth restriction and cognitive impairment. 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