{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:43:34Z","timestamp":1791999814491,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,13]],"date-time":"2017-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 2013\u201002139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2013\u201002139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the long\u2010term cognitive and educational outcomes of being born small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) and assessed whether the family's attitude towards education modified the effect of being born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> on educational attainment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used anonymised data on 9598 individuals from the Stockholm Birth Cohort. This study focused on babies born in 1953 in the Stockholm metropolitan area, who were followed up for 50\u00a0years, and included educational data at the age of 13 and 48. Ordinary least squares regression analyses, modification analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggested that individuals who were born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (n\u00a0=\u00a0798) had lower mean verbal, spatial and numerical test scores than those born appropriate for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content>) (n\u00a0=\u00a07364) and large for gestational age (n\u00a0=\u00a01436). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGA<\/jats:styled-content> differences were small, but statistically significant, and the effects of being born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> on the test scores was modified by the family's attitude towards education. The findings also suggested that attaining higher education was largely, but not entirely, explained by the family's attitude towards education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detrimental effects of being born <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> were limited on cognitive and educational outcomes, but may have been reduced by positive family attitudes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,16]],"date-time":"2017-07-16T15:16:35Z","timestamp":1500218195000},"page":"86-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A longitudinal study of cognitive and educational outcomes of those born small for gestational age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Garcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Equity Studies Stockholm University\/Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501103120204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"134","volume-title":"Small for Gestational Age: Causes and Consequences (monograph on the Internet)","author":"Tuvemo T","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"WISC\u2010test scores at the age of 10 for children born to women with risk pregnancies","volume":"19","author":"Lagerstr\u00f6m M","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(91)90104-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.01.060","article-title":"Small for gestational age and intrauterine growth restriction decreases cognitive function in young adults","volume":"163","author":"L\u00f8haugen GC","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.110131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Home environment and cognitive abilities in infants born small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age","volume":"165","author":"Andersson H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0913-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08116.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.2.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940600777385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-198402000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"S59","article-title":"Small for gestational age, term babies, in the first six years of life","volume":"52","author":"Grantham\u2010McGregor S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.105569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"GarcyAM. 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