{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:50:47Z","timestamp":1788306647195,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated a strict strategy that aimed to avoid fluctuations in glucose infusion rates (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and assessed the independent effects of maximal daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content>s on the hyperglycaemia risk among extremely low birth weight (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content>) infants receiving early enhanced parenteral nutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study comprised all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELBW<\/jats:styled-content> infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway, before (2007\u20132009) and after (2012\u20132013) implementing a strict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content> strategy. Severe hyperglycaemia was defined as two consecutive blood glucose values over 12 mmol\/L. Maximum daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content>s (mg\/kg\/min) were categorised into low (&lt;5.1), intermediate (5.1\u20137.0) or high (&gt;7.0). Mixed effects logistic regression modelling for repeated measurements was applied to investigate independent determinants of hyperglycaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 1293 treatment days for 195 infants. The maximum daily <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content> decreased (6.3 versus 5.8 mg\/kg\/min), while mean daily glucose and energy intakes were maintained in the post\u2010strategy period. The prevalence of severe hyperglycaemia (48% versus 23%), insulin use (39% versus 16%) and mortality (26% versus 10%) fell. Intermediate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio 2.11) and high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio 2.85) were significant independent predictors of severe hyperglycaemia compared to low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A strict <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIR<\/jats:styled-content> strategy reduced the risk of severe hyperglycaemia and adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T18:56:49Z","timestamp":1511549809000},"page":"442-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Strictly controlled glucose infusion rates are associated with a reduced risk of hyperglycaemia in extremely low birth weight preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Hans Jorgen","family":"Stensvold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute for Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Neonatal Network Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astri M.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Strommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo 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Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arild E.","family":"Ronnestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Department Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institute for Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Neonatal Network Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet Oslo 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