{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:04:25Z","timestamp":1771657465047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]],"date-time":"2018-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008488","name":"Stiftelsen Alma och K. A. Snellman S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to study prospectively the aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis in a population\u2010based setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether 173 neonates with clinical conjunctivitis aged on average 20 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> 10) days were recruited from child welfare clinics in Oulu, Finland, in 2010\u20132015. Conjunctival specimens were collected from 167 neonates for multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect 16 respiratory viruses, from 163 for polymerase chain reaction to detect <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and from 160 for bacterial culture studies. The cases were followed up until the age of 18 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 8\/167 (4.8%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.1\u20139.2%), chlamydial or gonococcal conjunctivitis in 0\/163 cases (0%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0\u20132.2%) and other bacterial conjunctivitis in 58\/160 (36%; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 29\u201344%). Rhinovirus was found at the ocular site in 4\/167 (2.4%) neonates, adenovirus in 3\/167 (1.8%) and bocavirus in 1\/167 (0.6%). The most commonly isolated bacteria included <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (16%), <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> (9.4%) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (3.1%). None of these pathogens was associated with the 4\/173 (2.3%) cases later operated on for persistent nasolacrimal duct obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> was a rare pathogen in neonatal conjunctivitis in a population\u2010based setting, but respiratory viruses were detected more frequently than indicated earlier.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T05:16:45Z","timestamp":1516252605000},"page":"774-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis evaluated in a population\u2010based setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8288-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minna","family":"Honkila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjo","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Ik\u00e4heimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NordLab Oulu Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Pokka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Uhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terhi","family":"Tapiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland"},{"name":"PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(01)90088-8","article-title":"Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis and other potential pathogens in neonatal conjunctivitis","volume":"5","author":"Di Bartolomeo S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1992.tb02087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.66.11.728"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.61.9.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19941101-04","article-title":"Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: natural history and the timing of optimal intervention","volume":"31","author":"Paul TO","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.58728","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis causing neonatal conjunctivitis in a tertiary care center","volume":"28","author":"Kakar S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33716-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"53","author":"Rees E","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.67.10.700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80287-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Microbiological study of neonatal conjunctivitis with special reference to Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"50","author":"Mohile M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Incidence of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis and its association with nasopharyngeal colonisation in a Hong Kong hospital, assessed by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"13","author":"Yip TP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001122","article-title":"Neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis in Korea in the 21st century","volume":"36","author":"Pak KY","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66709-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Welfare.Children young people and families [Internet]. National Institute for Health and Welfare;2017[cited 2017 May 2]. Available at:https:\/\/www.thl.fi\/fi\/web\/lapset-nuoret-ja-perheet\/peruspalvelut\/aitiys_ja_lastenneuvola\/lastenneuvola."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"KlemettiR Hakulinen\u2010ViitanenT.\u00c4itiysneuvolaopas \u2010 Suosituksia \u00e4itiysneuvolatoimintaan [Internet]. Tampere: National Institute for Health and Welfare;2013[cited 2017 May 2]. Available at:http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-245-972-5."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"5349","article-title":"Genital chlamydial infections in the maternity health care population in P\u00e4ij\u00e4t\u2010H\u00e4me","volume":"61","author":"Kurkinen M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Finnish Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Results of an internet service with home sampling for chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in Vantaa","volume":"72","author":"Jokiranta S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Finnish Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"972","volume-title":"Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"StatsDirect Ltd.StatsDirect statistical software2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.statsdirect.com. England: StatsDirect Ltd."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"Ophthalmia neonatorum associated with maternal chlamydial infections","volume":"83","author":"Chandler JW","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Neonatal haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: a specific sign of chlamydial infection","volume":"12","author":"Chang K","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001316"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapa.14227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.14227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1695555019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.14227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.14227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}