{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T03:03:43Z","timestamp":1775531023103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the effect of time post\u2010ingestion on gastric digestion and gastric hormones after feeding preterm infants unfortified and fortified human milk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human milk and infant gastric samples were collected from 14 preterm (23\u201332\u00a0weeks birth gestational age) mother\u2010infant pairs within 7\u201398\u00a0days postnatal age. Gastric samples were collected one, two and three\u00a0hours after beginning of feeding. Samples were analysed for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>, proteolysis, general protease activity and the concentrations of pepsin, gastrin and gastrin\u2010releasing peptide (GRP). One\u2010way <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANOVA<\/jats:styled-content> with repeated measures followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly decreased after each hour in the preterm infant stomach from one to three\u00a0hours postprandial. Proteolysis increased significantly from human milk to gastric contents at one, two and three\u00a0hours postprandial (by 62, 131% and 181%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). General protease activity increased significantly by 58% from human milk to the gastric contents at two\u00a0hours postprandial. GRP was present in human milk, whereas gastrin was produced in the infant stomach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although preterm infants may digest human milk proteins to a lesser extent than term infants, we demonstrated that the preterm infant stomach actively degrades milk proteins with increasing breakdown over digestion time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,31]],"date-time":"2018-01-31T22:38:59Z","timestamp":1517438339000},"page":"967-974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The preterm infant stomach actively degrades milk proteins with increasing breakdown across digestion time"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Veronique","family":"Demers\u2010Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program School of Biological and Population Health Sciences College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunyao","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program School of Biological and Population Health Sciences College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California, Davis Sacramento CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9696-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Dallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Program School of Biological and Population Health Sciences College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0509.1000112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb17254.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.29.020178.000531"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80003-6","article-title":"New aspects of the trophic action of gastrointestinal hormones","volume":"2","author":"Johnson LR","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.9.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80682-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000241518"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"931","article-title":"High concentration of a gastrin releasing peptide\u2010like immunoreactive substance in pregnant human milk","volume":"176","author":"Takeyama M","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol Res Commun"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Peptidergic regulation of gastric acid secretion. 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