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We investigated whether serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D concentrations related to disease outcomes and to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cathelicidin concentrations in childhood bacterial meningitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All consecutively enrolled patients in a clinical trial on childhood bacterial meningitis in Latin America in 1996\u20132003 were considered, and 142 children, with a median age of seven months who had a confirmed bacterial aetiology and frozen serum available for further analyses, were included in this study. Serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were determined with a chemiluminescence immunoassay analyser, while CSF cathelicidin was measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 96 (range 19\u2013251) nmol\/L. No relationship was found with patient survival, but children with any neurological sequelae had lower serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels than children without sequelae. Serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D was unrelated to cathelicidin concentrations in CSF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D in children with bacterial meningitis was not associated with survival or CSF cathelicidin concentrations, its relationship with more detailed disease outcomes warrants further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T21:10:23Z","timestamp":1526073023000},"page":"2131-2136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin D was not associated with survival or cerebrospinal fluid cathelicidin levels in children with bacterial 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