{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T18:27:19Z","timestamp":1782584839523,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007670","name":"Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine whether adding clonidine to the morphine regimen for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is associated with a shorter length of treatment compared with morphine alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a retrospective cohort design, infants with NAS resulting from opioid exposure delivered between 2006 and 2015 (n = 174) were identified using the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database (NSAPD). Maternal and infant characteristics were collected from the NSAPD. The database was augmented with chart review for treatment information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of NAS in the study population increased fivefold from 1.48\/1000 live births in 2007 to 7.50\/1000 live births in 2015. Of the 174 infants, 22 were treated with morphine and 100 were treated with morphine + clonidine. Longer length of treatment (p = 0.004) and higher peak morphine dose (p = 0.045) were observed in the combination group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increase in the incidence of NAS is consistent with recent published reports. The increase in length of treatment and peak morphine dose in the morphine + clonidine group is in marked contrast to previous work on this treatment combination. Further study on the impact of clinical characteristics such as methadone and antidepressant exposure on the association is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T14:18:35Z","timestamp":1530713915000},"page":"271-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of outcomes between morphine and concomitant morphine and clonidine treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney","family":"Gullickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Campbell\u2010Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"},{"name":"School of Nursing Faculty of Health Professions Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Pediatric Pain Research IWK Health Centre Halifax NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"CD002053","article-title":"Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants","author":"Osborn DA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"CD002059","article-title":"Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants","author":"Osborn DA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92823-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Nova Scotia [Province] and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98\u2010316\u2010X2016001. Ottawa.Released November 29 2017. Available at:https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/prof\/index.cfm?Lang=E(accessed on July 13 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database Report of Indicators: 2007\u20132016. 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