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Daily supplementation of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>reuteri<\/jats:italic> (1.25 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> bacteria\/day) or placebo started within 3 days and continued until gestational week 36 + 0. Primary outcome was feeding tolerance and secondary outcome growth rate calculated as z\u2010score development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Feeding tolerance was similar in the probiotic and placebo group. Time to full enteral feeds was 15 days in both groups. The z\u2010score of the head circumference decreased in both groups from birth to day 28 of life, but it decreased less in the <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic> group compared to the placebo group: \u22121.2 SD (95% CI: \u22121.4 to \u22121.0) versus \u22121.7 SD (95% CI: \u22122.0 to \u22121.5; p = 0.001). Other growth parameters were similar in the study groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic> did not reduce time to reach full enteral feeds in ELBW infants. The <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic> supplemented infants, however, had a better growth rate of the head during the first month of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T09:10:18Z","timestamp":1531386618000},"page":"62-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Probiotics promoted head growth in extremely low birthweight infants in a double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Wejryd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Pediatrics Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Astrid 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