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Pregnant women were randomised to take <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> strain HN001, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic> subsp. <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic> strain HN019 or placebo daily from 35 weeks gestation until six months if breastfeeding, and their infants the same treatment from birth to two years. Intelligence, executive function, attention, depression and anxiety were assessed when the children were 11 years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 342 (72.2%) children were assessed (HN001 n = 109, HN019 n = 118 and placebo n = 115). Overall, there were no significant differences in the neurocognitive outcomes between the treatment groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>HN001 and HN019 given in early life were not associated with neurocognitive outcomes at 11 years of age in this study. However, we cannot exclude that other probiotics may have a beneficial effect. Further clinical trials are indicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T11:24:15Z","timestamp":1537788255000},"page":"2172-2178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Effect of early probiotic supplementation on childhood cognition, behaviour and mood a randomised, placebo\u2010controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R F","family":"Slykerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago Wellington New 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