{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:01:01Z","timestamp":1791979261785,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2017, the European Respiratory Society task force stated that protracted bacterial bronchitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content>) was a distinct clinical entity and outlined the diagnostic criteria and principles for treatment. However, this guidance was based on data from Australia and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>. This mini review evaluated the data and addressed the lack of research\u2010based data from Europe.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We supplemented the 2017 report by conducting a nonsystematic review of the literature on prolonged wet or productive cough and on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content> in children up to September 2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our review confirmed the lack of European data on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content>. Based on the available literature, and the 2017 European guidance, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content> is a wet or productive cough that lasts for four or more weeks, with no signs or symptoms, known as specific cough pointers, which suggest an underlying illness. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content> usually recovers with appropriate antibiotics for two weeks. Failing that radiological investigations or lung function measurements are needed. If <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content> occurs three times over 12\u00a0months, then computerised tomography can diagnose bronchiectasis and determine other permanent changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>More data are needed on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content>, especially in Europe. The implementation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBB<\/jats:styled-content> may help clinicians to prescribe antibiotics more effectively and reduce their inappropriate use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,23]],"date-time":"2018-12-23T11:08:43Z","timestamp":1545563323000},"page":"823-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Review shows paediatric protracted bacterial bronchitis needs an accurate diagnosis and strictly targeted extended antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Korppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health Research Tampere University and University Hospital Tampere 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