{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:37:05Z","timestamp":1774460225818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are lacking in preterm infants. Our aim was to study these and their relation with a new formulation of fentanyl 5\u00a0\u03bcg\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> for procedural pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm infants were given 0.5 (n\u00a0=\u00a020, median gestational age 26.5; range 23.3\u201334.1\u00a0weeks) and 2\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg (n\u00a0=\u00a08, 27.4; 25.3\u201330.7\u00a0weeks) fentanyl, respectively, before skin\u2010breaking procedures or tracheal intubation. Blood samples were collected after ten minutes, two, four, eight and 24\u00a0hours. Physiologic parameters were monitored and pain scores assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median fentanyl concentrations were 0.18, 0.15, 0.15 and 0.57, 0.37, 0.35\u00a0ng\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content> at 15\u201331\u00a0minutes, two and four hours and the half\u2010lives were 1.6 to 20.5 or 4.1 to 32.6\u00a0hours for the low\u2010 and high\u2010dose groups, respectively. A significant correlation was seen between weight at study inclusion and half\u2010life (Spearman\u2032s r<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.9, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), volume of distribution (r<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.8, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and clearance (r<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.9, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) in the low\u2010dose group (n\u00a0=\u00a09). Pain assessment results were not correlated to pharmacokinetic variables. Fentanyl was well tolerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inter\u2010individual variation of fentanyl pharmacokinetics is large in preterm infants, and the dose of 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg seems not effective for skin\u2010breaking procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T20:35:53Z","timestamp":1549398953000},"page":"1441-1446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Individual variations in fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6346-8899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Neonatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny M.","family":"Kindblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5495-7508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Rane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Karolinska University Hospital (Huddinge site) and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann\u2010Cathrine","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Neonatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet CLINTEC Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boubou","family":"Hallberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet CLINTEC Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineta","family":"Fellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Neonatology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Children\u2032s Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08663","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08663","article-title":"fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain","volume":"4","author":"Goksan S","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"e0025","article-title":"Neonatal pain in very preterm infants: long\u2010term effects on brain, neurodevelopment and pain reactivity","volume":"4","author":"Grunau RE","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0867-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00331-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.18.2419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16251-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31813-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.150318"},{"issue":"893","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Rapid sequence induction is superior to morphine for intubation of preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"159","author":"Norman E","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Parliament E. Regulation (EC) no 1901\/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on medical products for paediatric use and amending regulation (EEC) no 1768\/92 Directive 2001\/20\/EC Directive 2001\/83\/EC and Regulation (EC) no 726\/2004.2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.85.1.F36"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199603000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3946"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0569-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70407-5"},{"issue":"645","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of continuous infusion of fentanyl for pain control in preterm newborns on mechanical ventilation","volume":"163","author":"Ancora G","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028015606732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000839"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.14744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.14744","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.14744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T02:05:08Z","timestamp":1694311508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.14744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.14744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.14744","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}