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During the study, eight Estonian children and 21 Finnish children aged 1.5\u00a0years to five years developed coeliac disease and each was matched with a disease\u2010free control. Nasal swabs and stool samples were taken at the age of three to six months and the serum samples at the time of diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhinovirus ribonucleic acid was detected in the nasal swabs from five coeliac disease children, but none of the control children (p\u00a0=\u00a00.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the level of viral antibodies between cases and controls. Enterovirus immunoglobulin G class antibodies were found more frequently in the Estonian than in the Finnish children (63% versus 23%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study did not find any marked overall differences in laboratory\u2010confirmed common viral infections between the children who developed coeliac disease and the controls. However, rhinovirus infections were detected slightly more often in those patients who developed coeliac disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T07:28:46Z","timestamp":1553153326000},"page":"1709-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Early\u2010life exposure to common virus infections did not differ between coeliac disease patients and controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0636-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e4rt","family":"Simre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital Tartu 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