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Survival was calculated with the Kaplan\u2010Meier method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During follow\u2010up, liver malignancy incidence remained stable at 1.1:10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>. Altogether, 42 patients with hepatoblastoma (n\u00a0=\u00a024), hepatocellular carcinoma (n\u00a0=\u00a011) and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (n\u00a0=\u00a07) underwent surgery at median age 4.6 (interquartile range, 2.0\u20109.6) years and were followed up for 13 (7.0\u201019) years. Cumulative 5\u2010year survival was 86% for hepatoblastoma, 41% for hepatocellular carcinoma and 67% for undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Five\u2010year survival was decreased among hepatoblastoma patients aged\u00a0\u2265\u00a02.4\u00a0years (73% versus 100%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.040), with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRET<\/jats:styled-content>reatment <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EXT<\/jats:styled-content>ent of disease <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRETEXT<\/jats:styled-content>, 60% vs 100%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004), and with recurrent disease (67% vs 88%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.029). Recurrent\/residual disease associated with decreased 5\u2010year survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (0% vs 83%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.028). Survival was similar among 19 transplanted and 23 resected patients. In total, 14 deaths occurred either for the underlying malignancy (n\u00a0=\u00a08), adverse effects of chemotherapy (n\u00a0=\u00a05) or unrelated reasons (n\u00a0=\u00a01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRETEXT<\/jats:styled-content> I\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> hepatoblastoma and un\u2010metastasized hepatocellular carcinoma were encouraging. Adverse effects of chemotherapy significantly contributed to mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T05:58:20Z","timestamp":1564207100000},"page":"404-414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Incidence and long\u2010term outcomes of surgically treated childhood hepatic malignancies in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toivo","family":"Tiusanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki 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University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka A.","family":"Kanerva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Jahnukainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Center Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"M\u00e4kisalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki 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