{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:06:42Z","timestamp":1780380402670,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aim was to quantify the prevalence of non\u2010acute pain in critically ill infants and to identify how non\u2010acute pain was described, defined and assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis used multiple electronic databases to search for papers published in any language to March 2018: 2029 papers were identified, and 68 full texts were screened. Studies reporting the prevalence of non\u2010acute pain in infants younger than 2\u00a0years and admitted to critical care units were included. The extracted data included the use of non\u2010acute pain descriptions, definitions and pain assessment tools.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 11 studies published between 2002 and 2018 that comprised 1204 infants from Europe, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>, Canada and India. They were prospective observational (n\u00a0=\u00a07) and retrospective observational (n\u00a0=\u00a01) studies and randomised controlled trials (n\u00a0=\u00a03). The prevalence of non\u2010acute pain was 0%\u201076% (median 11%). Various pain assessment tools were used, and only two could be pooled. This gave a pooled prevalence of 3.7%\u201039.8%. A number of different descriptors were used for non\u2010acute pain, and all of these were poorly defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of non\u2010acute pain in infants admitted to critical care units varied considerably. This could have been because all the studies used different definitions of non\u2010acute pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T14:33:37Z","timestamp":1564583617000},"page":"2135-2147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis suggest that varying prevalence of non\u2010acute pain in critically ill infants may be due to different definitions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Ilhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Health Professions Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 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