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One\u2010 to three\u2010year\u2010old children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe eczema referred to the Skin and Allergy Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, were enrolled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Efficacy parameters, the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema area, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the blood eosinophil count, showed improvement in both groups during the study. However, patients with signs of early sensitisation at baseline (elevated serum total IgE, elevated eosinophil count, positive prick tests or specific IgEs to aero or food allergens) had statistically significantly lower TEWL at the eczema site and a smaller eczema area at 12\u00a0months in the tacrolimus group. No severe adverse effects were seen during the treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with AD and signs of early sensitisation appeared to benefit more from early tacrolimus than corticosteroid treatment. Small children may need stronger but nevertheless safe ointment options when treating moderate\u2010to\u2010severe AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T17:59:58Z","timestamp":1567619998000},"page":"550-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Young children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miia","family":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki 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