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However, the nonrenal outcomes have not been studied as much.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to discuss the long\u2010term non\u2010renal outcomes of childhood NS, highlighting studies with a follow\u2010up period of more than 10 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the literature and found that a number of immunosuppressive agents have stopped inflammation, stabilised the podocyte cytoskeleton and reduce proteinuria. However, prolonged treatment has frequently been associated with a high risk of renal and non\u2010renal complications in patients with a complicated disease course, defined as frequent relapses or steroid dependency. Non\u2010renal complications may include impaired longitudinal growth and pubertal development, undesirable fertility outcomes, ocular complications, bone mineral diseases and potential malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review discusses and summarises the non\u2010renal outcomes of idiopathic childhood NS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T04:04:39Z","timestamp":1569643479000},"page":"460-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Review on long\u2010term non\u2010renal complications of childhood nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiwon M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics  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