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This study utilised quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques to compare brain growth and white matter development in preterm infants receiving primarily breast milk versus formula feeds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively enrolled infants born at very low birth weight (&lt;1500\u00a0g) and\u00a0&lt;32\u00a0weeks gestational age and performed MRI at term\u2010equivalent age. We utilised volumetric segmentation to calculate regional and total brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate white matter microstructural organisation. Daily nutritional data were extracted from the medical record.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nutritional and MRI data were obtained for 68 infants admitted within the first week of life (44 breast milk and 24 formula). Breast milk\u2013fed infants demonstrated significantly larger total brain volumes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04) as well as volumes in the amygdala\u2010hippocampus and cerebellum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) compared with formula\u2010fed. Infants receiving breast milk also demonstrated greater white matter microstructural organisation in the corpus callosum, posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebellum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01 to\u00a0.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VLBW infants receiving primarily breast milk versus preterm formula in this small exploratory study demonstrated significantly greater regional brain volumes and white matter microstructural organisation by term\u2010equivalent age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T13:47:11Z","timestamp":1578664031000},"page":"1580-1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Improved brain growth and microstructural development in breast milk\u2013fed very low birth weight premature infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-7888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Ottolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology 18th Medical Operations Squadron Kadena AB Okinawa Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology Uniformed Services University Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickie","family":"Andescavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Children's National Health Systems Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kushal","family":"Kapse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Research Laboratory Children's National Health Systems Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marni","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics &amp; Study Methodology Children's National Health Systems Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Limperopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developing Brain Research Laboratory Children's National Health Systems Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Department of Radiology George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC 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