{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:19:24Z","timestamp":1785143964225,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]],"date-time":"2020-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific birth\u2010related fractures have been studied; underestimates might be a problem. We aimed to assess all fractures diagnosed as birth\u2010related as well as other neonatal fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based study on all infants born in Sweden 1997\u20102014; data were retrieved from the Swedish Health Registers (10th version of International Classification of Diseases. Outcome measures were birth\u2010related fractures (ICD\u201010 P\u2010codes) and other neonatal fractures (ICD\u201010 S\u2010codes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall fracture incidence was 2.9 per 1000 live birth (N\u00a0=\u00a05336); 92.6% had P\u2010codes and 7.4% (S\u2010codes). Some birth\u2010related fractures were diagnosed beyond the neonatal period. Other neonatal fractures could have been birth\u2010related. Clavicle fracture (88.8%) was associated with adverse maternal and infant anthropometrics and birth complications. The few neonates with rib fractures all had concomitant clavicle fracture. For skull fractures, a minor part was birth\u2010related and most were associated with accidents. Half of the long bone fractures were associated with accidents. Birth\u2010related femur fractures were associated with bone fragility risk factors. Five infants with abuse diagnoses had fractures: skull (4), long bone (2) and rib (1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth\u2010related and other neonatal fractures are rarely diagnosed. Difficult birth is the main contributor to birth\u2010related fracture and accidents to other neonatal fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]],"date-time":"2020-02-08T05:20:19Z","timestamp":1581139219000},"page":"2040-2048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Difficult birth is the main contributor to birth\u2010related fracture and accidents to other neonatal fractures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2121-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"H\u00f6gberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Sweden"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Global Health Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineta","family":"Fellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Pediatrics Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2962-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingemar","family":"Thiblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"County Hospital of \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik Region V\u00e4sternorrland \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8489-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Wester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine K1 University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1035-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Unforeseen rib fracture findings in infant chest radiographs: evidence of non\u2010accidental injury or simply a case of birth trauma?","volume":"30","author":"Khan NA","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200201000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-019-04490-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.17.00209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-017-3539-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Health registers Stockholm.Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare;2018.https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/statistik-och-data\/register\/. 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