{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T21:30:35Z","timestamp":1788211835001,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of child psychological abuse and neglect in a rural area of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained from interviewing 1416 children aged 11\u201017\u00a0years administering the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children between March and April 2017. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risks of child psychological abuse and neglect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence rates of at least one form of psychological abuse both in the past year and lifetime were more than 97 per cent. Moreover, the rates of at least one form of neglect were about 58 per cent during the past year and 78 per cent over lifetime. Living separately from parents posed children to significant risks of neglect and psychological abuse. Working children and greater number of siblings in a family were risk factors for neglect, whereas witnessing family violence and being bullied were risk factors for psychological abuse. Children with more years of schooling experienced less neglect and psychological abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high prevalence of child psychological abuse and neglect in this study shows child maltreatment as an ignored issue in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T11:55:21Z","timestamp":1588679721000},"page":"257-264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Children\u2019s exposure to psychological abuse and neglect: A population\u2010based study in rural Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Atiqul","family":"Haque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Public Health Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Moniruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Risk and Environmental Studies Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Staffan","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AKM Fazlur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Prevention and Research Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidur Rahman","family":"Mashreky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Prevention and Research Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bangladesh University of Health Sciences Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla\u2010Britt","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Public Health Sciences Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2012.708014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2353"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protecting children in Bhutan from violence: a call to action","volume":"2","author":"Kulkarni A","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Druk Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"deZoysaP. (2013).A study on parental disciplinary practices and an awareness program to reduce corporal punishment and other forms of negative parental practices. [cited 25 March 2018]. Available fromhttp:\/\/www.cpcnetwork.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2014\/04\/Report\u2010on\u2010Corporal\u2010Punishment.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and Unicef Bangladesh.Child well\u2010being survey 2016. Final report.2017[cited 9 July 2018]. Available from:http:\/\/bbs.portal.gov.bd\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/bbs.portal.gov.bd\/page\/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0\/ReportonCWS2016UrbanareasinBangladesh.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors associated with child maltreatment among children aged 11 to 17 years in community settings of Karachi, Pakistan, using Belsky ecological framework","author":"Lakhdir MPA","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Child abuse among working children in rural Bangladesh: prevalence and determinants","volume":"114","author":"Hadi A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data\u2013or tears: an application to educational enrollments in States of India","volume":"38","author":"Filmer D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"WasifSMost children suffer psychological assault. The Express Tribune. [Internet]. 2018 Mar 5 [cited 27 June 2018]. Available fromhttps:\/\/tribune.com.pk\/story\/1651289\/1\u2010form\u2010violence\u2010children\u2010suffer\u2010psychological\u2010assault\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v2i1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Child rights in Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Mohajan HK","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Soc Welfare Hum Rights"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.101196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"HaiderBMK.Students\u2019 Radicalization: a study on private universities of Bangladesh. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. 2016 [cited 19 Feburary 2018]. Available fromhttps:\/\/brage.bibsys.no\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11250\/2425972\/Haider\u20102016.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20130326-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838008314797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"McLeodD.Coercive control: Impacts on children and young people in the family environment. Research in Practice2018. [cited 12 August 2019]. Available fromhttps:\/\/www.rip.org.uk\/download\/374\/CoercivecontrolImpactsonchildrenlitreview.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011319213874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"RezviMR. Poverty situation in Bangladesh. Daily Sun [Internet].2017Apr 30 [cited 21 August 2019]. Available fromhttp:\/\/daily\u2010sun.com\/post\/223106\/Poverty\u2010situation\u2010in\u2010Bangladesh"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v5i1.232"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapa.15340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.15340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.15340","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.15340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T08:06:02Z","timestamp":1732953962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.15340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.15340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15340","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}