{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:43:47Z","timestamp":1772840627959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014269","name":"Philippe Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe trends in antibiotic (AB) prescriptions in children in primary care over 11\u00a0years, using a large data warehouse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study assessed outpatient AB prescriptions 2007\u20102017, using the Massachusetts Health Disparities Repository. The evolution of paediatric outpatient AB prescriptions was assessed using time\u2010series analyses through annual per cent change (APC) for the population and for children with or without comorbid condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 25\u00a0000 children were followed in primary care with 31\u00a0248 AB prescriptions reported in the data warehouse. The youngest children had more AB prescriptions. Penicillins were prescribed most frequently (46%), then macrolides (28%). One third of children had comorbid conditions, receiving significantly more antibiotics (30.3 vs 21.0 AB\/100 child\u2010years, relative risk: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.46). Overall AB prescription decreased over the period (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22125.34%, 95% CI: \u22127.10, \u22123.54), with similar trends for penicillins (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22125.49; 95% CI: \u22128.27, \u22122.62) and macrolides (APC\u00a0=\u00a0\u22126.46; 95% CI: \u22128.37, \u22124.58); antibiotic prescribing declined more in children with comorbid conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient AB prescribing decline was gradual and consistent in paediatrics over the period. Prescription differences persisted between age groups, conditions and indication. The availability of routine care data through data warehouse fosters the surveillance automation, providing inexpensive fast tools to design appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:13:08Z","timestamp":1592903588000},"page":"611-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gradual decline in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in paediatrics: A data warehouse\u2013based 11\u2010year cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7934-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Grammatico\u2010Guillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School and School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Public Health, Epidemiology Unit (EpiDcliC) Teaching Hospital of Tours University of Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Reza","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emeline","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health, Epidemiology Unit (EpiDcliC) Teaching Hospital of Tours University of Tours Tours France"},{"name":"Research unit EA 7505 \"Education Ethique et Sant\u00e9\" University of Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School and School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research unit EA 7505 \"Education Ethique et Sant\u00e9\" University of Tours Tours France"},{"name":"Public Health Clinical Data Centre Teaching Hospital of Tours Tours France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Astagneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Centre for Prevention of Healthcare\u2010Associated Infections Faculty of Medicine, APHP University Hospital and Department of Public Health Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Bioinformatics Boston University Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Pelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School and School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70799-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.23.3096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2009.000893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v027.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5690"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Changes in US outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 2011\u20132016","volume":"70","author":"King LM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2016.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/676423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.26"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fapa.15439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.15439","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.15439","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.15439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T10:28:08Z","timestamp":1693736888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.15439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.15439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15439","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}