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Nephrogenesis continues until 34\u201036\u00a0weeks of gestation, but it is altered with premature delivery. Variability of nephron endowment has a substantial impact on the clearance of renally excreted drugs. Postnatally, glomerular function rate (GFR) increases daily, doubles by two weeks, and slowly reaches full maturity at 18\u00a0months of age. Ideally, renal function biomarkers should be expressed as age\u2010independent <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores, and evidence suggests indexing these values to post\u2010conceptual age rather than chronological age. Newborn and maternal serum creatinine correlate tightly for more than 72\u00a0hours after delivery, rendering this biomarker unsuitable for the assessment of neonatal renal function. Cystatin C does not cross the placenta and may be the preferred biomarker in the neonate. Here, we provide preliminary data on the natural evolution of the cystatin C eGFR in infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cystatin C may be superior for GFR estimation in neonates, but the best approach to drug dosing of renally excreted drugs remains to be established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T05:32:02Z","timestamp":1598938322000},"page":"773-780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["How should we assess renal function in neonates and infants?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1891-6765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Filler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics, Medicine, and The Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit Western 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