{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:54:53Z","timestamp":1774655693662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>A review published in 2015 showed that 331 Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) osteitis cases were globally reported in 1976\u20102012. The 222 Finnish cases from 1960 to 1988 formed two\u2010thirds of all cases. The present narrative review summarises epidemiological, clinical and immunological findings obtained from this Finnish cohort in relation to data from other countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six reports including 93 BCG osteitis cases, which were not included in the 2015 review, were identified from PubMed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 424 BCG osteitis cases have been published. Population\u2010based data were available only from Finland and Taiwan. The BCG osteitis incidence in Finnish infants was 6.4\/100\u00a0000\/year in 1960\u20101988 compared to 3.4\/100\u00a0000\/year in Taiwanese infants in 1998\u20102012. The incidence in Finland increased to 36.9\/100\u00a0000 in 1971\u20101977, and the vaccinations were temporarily discontinued. Over half of lesions were in lower limbs and nearly all were solitary in both cohorts. The outcomes after surgery and chemotherapy were good. Immunology of BCG osteitis was studied only in the Finnish cohort. There were deviations from population data in polymorphisms of genes regulating Toll\u2010like receptors 1, 2 and 6, mannose\u2010binding lectin and interleukin\u201017A.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BCG osteitis after vaccination is rare. Preliminary findings in innate immunity raise a question of genetic background.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T05:56:45Z","timestamp":1602223005000},"page":"1119-1124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The sixty\u2010year story of Finnish Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) osteitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Korppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health Research Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere and University Hospital Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4643"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199402000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.2.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1446-5"},{"issue":"34","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"e3","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis Osteitis Following Immunization with Bacille Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in Korea","volume":"26","author":"Choi YY","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.05.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013871"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"First experience with BCG discontinuation in Europe. 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