{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T22:57:00Z","timestamp":1775775420588,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric acute\u2010onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is defined by an acute onset of obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder and\/or eating restrictions and at least two other severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. The condition is suspected to have an immune\u2010mediated pathophysiology, but reliable biomarkers have not been identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesised that PANS, like narcolepsy, might have a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) association, as found in 95% of children developing narcolepsy after H1N1 immunisation. Low resolution genotyping of the MHC class II antigens HLA\u2010DRB1 and HLA\u2010DQB1 was performed using two different PCR\u2010based methods. In addition, parents were interviewed regarding a detailed family history of autoimmune diseases in first\u2010degree relatives. A total of 18 children, aged 5\u201314 (mean 8.2) years at onset of PANS met symptom criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No evident association between PANS and the specific HLA alleles examined was observed. In first\u2010degree relatives of 10 of the 18 children, an autoimmune disease had been diagnosed, and three of the 18 children themselves had an autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No HLA allele association such as seen in children with narcolepsy after H1N1 immunisation could be confirmed in this group of children with PANS. However, more than half the group had a first\u2010degree relative with a diagnosed autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T13:58:30Z","timestamp":1612965510000},"page":"820-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Paediatric Acute onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Exploratory study finds no evidence of HLA class II association but high rate of autoimmunity in first\u2010degree relatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Fernell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikael","family":"Sundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Department of Pediatrics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Section of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and HCT Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Fasth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Galazka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gillberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg University  Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic Sahlgrenska University Hospital  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145701002371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/F0BA-BN4F-61KA-UD99"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2017.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2018.0127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxy145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1207-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2017.1327669"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828ab26f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0851-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"The Allele Frequency Net Database 2003\u20132020.http:\/\/www.allelefrequencies.net\/. 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