{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T13:04:33Z","timestamp":1759496673500,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the associations between prenatal smoking and speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders in offspring, using sibling and population controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>National Finnish registers were used to identify all 690\u00a0654 singletons born between 1996 and 2007 and any cases diagnosed with speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders by the end of 2012. Cases were compared to population controls, biological full\u2010siblings and maternal half\u2010siblings born during the same period. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess any associations between smoking during pregnancy and the selected developmental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal smoking was higher in the mothers of the 27\u00a0297 cases (21.7%) than the 99\u00a0876 population controls (14.5%). The adjusted odds ratio for smoking throughout pregnancy, and any diagnosis of speech and language, scholastic, coordination or mixed developmental disorders, was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.24\u20131.34). However, when we compared a subsample of 15\u00a0406 cases and their 20\u00a0657 siblings, the association was no longer statistically significant (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98\u20131.21).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sibling comparisons suggested that the associations between prenatal smoking and speech and language, scholastic, coordination and mixed developmental disorders were confounded by familial factors shared by differentially exposed siblings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T10:46:56Z","timestamp":1628333216000},"page":"3275-3283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Familial confounding affected the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring speech and language, scholastic and coordination 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National Institute for Health and Welfare. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 11]. 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