{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:30:28Z","timestamp":1775183428050,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nationwide lockdowns and social restrictions during the COVID\u201019 pandemic have reduced childhood infections. We assessed how many items of systemic antibiotics and asthma medicines were dispensed to children aged 0\u221212\u00a0years in Finland before and during the pandemic and analysed the reimbursement costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data came from the national Finnish register of reimbursable prescriptions, which is maintained by the country's Social Insurance Institution. It included all prescriptions for antibiotics and asthma medicines dispensed to children aged 0\u221212\u00a0years in 2019 and 2020. Prescription rates per 1000 children were calculated for each quarter and compared using rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall dispensing for antibiotics decreased by 55.3% and was most prominent for macrolides for children aged 0\u22125\u00a0years (59.6%, 95% CI 60.9%\u221258.2%). Asthma medicines decreased by 19.8%, and the most prominent reduction was in short\u2010acting beta\u2010agonists for children aged 0\u22125\u00a0years (35.2%, 95% CI 36.1%\u221234.2%). These reduced reimbursement costs by 3.4\u00a0million Euros from 2019 to 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nationwide study showed that the number of antibiotics and asthma medicines decreased by 59.6% and 19.8% respectively from 2019 to 2020, generating a cost saving of 3.4\u00a0million Euros.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T11:58:11Z","timestamp":1633780691000},"page":"376-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Systemic antibiotics and asthma medicines dispensed to 0\u221212 year olds significantly decreased during the COVID\u201019 pandemic in 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3357-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjut","family":"Haapanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjo","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"University of Oulu PEDEGO Research Unit Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5969-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miia","family":"Artama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences Tampere University Tampere"},{"name":"Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare Tampere"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilari","family":"Kuitunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Mikkeli Central Hospital Mikkeli Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-006460"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002845"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.47.2001847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa710"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S284813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1834139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03747-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Statistical database Kelasto.[Official website of statistical database of Kela].https:\/\/www.kela.fi\/web\/en\/statistical\u2010database\u2010kelasto_contents. Accessed Mar 26 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Primary health care outpatient care notification (AvoHILMO) (in Finnish)[Official website of the Finnish institute for health and welfare (THL)].https:\/\/thl.fi\/fi\/tilastot\u2010ja\u2010data\/ohjeet\u2010tietojen\u2010toimittamiseen\/perusterveydenhuollon\u2010avohoidon\u2010hoitoilmoitus\u2010avohilmo.Accessed Apr 12 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Outpatient care in primary health care (in Finnish)[Official website of the Finnish institute for health and welfare (THL)].https:\/\/thl.fi\/fi\/tilastot\u2010ja\u2010data\/aineistot\u2010ja\u2010palvelut\/tilastojen\u2010laatu\u2010ja\u2010periaatteet\/laatuselosteet\/perusterveydenhuolto.Accessed May 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Statistics Finland\u2019s online service.[Official website of the statistics Finland].http:\/\/pxnet2.stat.fi\/PXWeb\/pxweb\/en\/StatFin\/Accessed. Accessed Jan 17 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30052-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019).[Official website of the Centers for disease control and prevention].https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/need\u2010extra\u2010precautions\/asthma.html. Accessed May 6 2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"Coronavirus Research Center.[Official website of the john hopkins university & medicine].https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/region. Accessed 23 May 2021."}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.16144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:07:12Z","timestamp":1692490032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.16144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.16144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16144","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}