{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1789693762051,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective large\u2010scale study examined the association between prescribing antibiotics for infants and subsequent atopic dermatitis (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data covered the period from 1\u00a0January 2005 to 31 December 2014 and were extracted from a Japanese health insurance claims database. The exposure was being prescribed antibiotics at less than 12\u00a0months of age and the outcome was a subsequent diagnosis of AD. The primary analysis method was multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. A sibling\u2010matched analysis was also performed to adjust for shared familial and environmental confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study comprised 85\u00a0954 infants: 8654 (10.1%) who had received antibiotics and 77\u00a0300 who had not. AD was diagnosed in 1183 (13.7%) and 10\u00a0325 (13.4%) infants respectively. The exposed group was more likely to develop AD than the non\u2010exposed group, but this association disappeared when we carried out the secondary, sibling\u2010matched analysis of the two groups. Other risk factors for AD were macrolides, aminoglycosides, food allergies and histamine H1 receptor antagonists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic use in infancy was associated with a subsequent increase in the incidence of AD. This association should be considered when prescribing antibiotics, but antibiotic use may not be a critical factor for the development of AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T15:46:08Z","timestamp":1639755968000},"page":"607-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Large\u2010scale health insurance study showed that antibiotic use in infancy was associated with an increase in atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tsuchida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satomi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31286-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-019-0851-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.0315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03538.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Risk factors of atopic dermatitis in Korean schoolchildren: 2010 international study of asthma and allergies in childhood","volume":"34","author":"Park YM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxy087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"JMDC Inc.https:\/\/www.jmdc.co.jp\/en\/. Accessed January 14 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12386"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31825fa230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02737.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2020.100971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02021-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.14-RAI-0769"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.16221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T04:33:42Z","timestamp":1693110822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.16221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.16221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}