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This systematic review focused on their health needs and future challenges for clinicians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase and MedRxiv databases from 1\u00a0January 2010 to 31\u00a0March 2022 identified 1628 papers on the health of Ukrainian children and 112 were relevant to this review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2019, under\u20105\u00a0mortality was 8 per 1000\u00a0live births in Ukraine. Underweight and adverse childhood experiences, including child abuse, were frequent compared to other European countries, while childhood obesity seemed less common. Alcohol consumption was common in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy, risking foetal alcohol syndrome. Neonatal screening programmes provided low coverage. Vaccine hesitancy was common and vaccination rates were low. Other concerns were measles, HIV, antibiotic resistance and multi\u2010resistant tuberculosis. Many children are expected to suffer from psychological and physical trauma due to the war. Other healthcare challenges include low COVID\u201019 vaccination rates and a preference for secondary and tertiary care, rather than primary care. Many people cannot afford medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ukrainian children often have poor health and host countries need to be aware of their needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T04:10:25Z","timestamp":1650859825000},"page":"1341-1353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Systematic review of health and disease in Ukrainian children highlights poor child health and challenges for those treating refugees"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas F.","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Orebro University Hospital  Orebro Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrii","family":"Loboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Academic and Research Medical Institute Sumy State University  Sumy Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"UNICEF.More than half of Ukraine\u2019s children displaced after one month of war 2022. 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