{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:39:50Z","timestamp":1790401190780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005744","name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008488","name":"Stiftelsen Alma och K. A. Snellman S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Suomen L\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006432","name":"Tutkijakoulu, Oulun Yliopiston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006432","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess whether detection of respiratory bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing associates with clinical outcomes in acutely ill children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study enrolled children under the age of 18 with a suspected respiratory infection treated in a paediatric emergency department of Oulu University Hospital, Finland from January 2015 through December 2015. Nasopharyngeal samples were routinely analysed for 16 respiratory viruses and later, after storage, analysed with a multiplex PCR panel for seven respiratory bacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At least one bacterial pathogen was detected in 600 out of the 1195 children (50%). The mean age was 3.3 (SD 3.7) years and 54% were boys. Atypical bacteria were associated with a risk of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.1, 95% CI 3.98\u201350.1). Co\u2010detection of rhinovirus with <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was not associated with risk of pneumonia (aOR 2.39, 95% CI 0.78\u20137.30). Detection of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> or both was not associated with the risk of hospital admission or prescription of antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria in acutely ill children was associated with a markedly increased risk of pneumonia. The clinical utility of wide testing for other respiratory bacteria needs further evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T09:38:34Z","timestamp":1673861914000},"page":"830-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvi","family":"Mattila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvi","family":"Sarlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetta","family":"Heikkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violetta","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonni","family":"Riikonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niko","family":"Paalanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Honkila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Huhtam\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Pokka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjo","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Kuopio University Hospital  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terhi","family":"Tapiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"},{"name":"Biocenter Oulu University of Oulu  Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70155-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4468-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix641"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182417848"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31819d8b71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.048397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007353121693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.05.20073-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.05.20072-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.05.20074-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00049-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.16162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30449-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0220OC"}],"container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16672","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/apa.16672","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/apa.16672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T11:27:14Z","timestamp":1698924434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/apa.16672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/apa.16672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16672","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0803-5253","1651-2227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0803-5253","type":"print"},{"value":"1651-2227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}